TLE: Carpentry and Masonry Part 3
21) Which is considered to be the oldest and most commonly used building material?
a. Cement
b. Wood
c. Steel
d. Sand
22) A wood which is obtained from conifers and are used for framing?
a. Hard wood
b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood
d. Brown wood
23) Which wood is obtained from deciduous trees?
a. Hard wood
b. Soft wood
c. Dark wood
d. Brown wood
24) Which is a binding agent that reacts with water to form a hard stone-like substance?
a. Glue
b. Cement
c. Mortar
d. Grout
25) Which term refers to inert materials when bound together into a conglomerated mass from concrete?
a. Aggregates
b. Gravel
c. Cement
d. Water
26) A lumber that has been sawed, edged, and trimmed in which cutting marks are visible is ________.
a. rough
b. smooth
c. dressed
d. worked
27) Which lumber has been put through planing machine which gives fine surface?
a. rough
b. smooth
c. dressed
d. worked
28) Which lumber that has been dresses and matched, ship lapped, or patterned?
a. rough
b. smooth
c. dressed
d. worked
29) Which is a plank of wood that has been roughly cut?
a. Timber
b. Board
c. Lumber
d. Block
30) Which lumber has been cut from logs radially to the growth rings and the fiber runs about parallel to the face?
a. Edge-grain
b. Angle-grain
c. Flat-grain
d. Close-grain
Key Answers, Explanations, Notes, and Concepts
21) Which is considered to be the oldest and most commonly used building material?
b. Wood
d. Sand
Answer: b. Wood
22) A wood which is obtained from conifers and are used for framing?
a. Hard wood
b. Soft wood
Answer: b. Soft wood
Species of conifers can be found in almost all parts of the world, and are often the most common plants in their habitats, as in the taiga. Conifers are of great economic value, and their wood is mainly used for timber and paper making The wood of conifers is known as softwood, though yew wood is actually quite hard.
Hard wood- Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications, including fuel, tools, construction, boat building, furniture making, musical instruments, flooring, cooking, barrels, and manufacture of charcoal. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood.
Soft wood- Softwoods are commonly used for interior mouldings, the manufacturing of windows, construction framing and generating sheet goods such as plywood and fibreboard.
Dark wood- Furniture, cabinetry, turned objects, veneers, musical instruments, boatbuilding, and carving. Workability: Generally very easy to work with tools: machines well. Turns, glues, stains, and finishes well. Pinkish brown to reddish-brown.
Brown wood-
23) Which wood is obtained from deciduous trees?
a. Hard wood
c. Dark wood
Answer: a. Hard wood
Deciduous trees are giant flowering plants. They include oaks, maples, and beeches, and they grow in many parts of the world. The word deciduous means to “fall off,” and every fall these trees shed their leaves. Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, with wide, flat leaves.
Hard wood- Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications, including fuel, tools, construction, boat building, furniture making, musical instruments, flooring, cooking, barrels, and manufacture of charcoal. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood.
Soft wood- Softwoods are commonly used for interior mouldings, the manufacturing of windows, construction framing and generating sheet goods such as plywood and fibreboard.
Dark wood- Furniture, cabinetry, turned objects, veneers, musical instruments, boatbuilding, and carving. Workability: Generally very easy to work with tools: machines well. Turns, glues, stains, and finishes well. Pinkish brown to reddish-brown.
Brown wood-
24) Which is a binding agent that reacts with water to form a hard stone-like substance?
b. Cement
c. Mortar
Answer: b. Cement
Glue- an adhesive substance used for sticking objects or materials together.
Cement- is a finely milled mineral powder, usually grey in colour. The most important raw materials for the production of cement are limestone, clay, and marl. Mixed with water, cement serves as an adhesive to bind sand, gravel, and hard rock in concrete.
Mortar- is a material used in masonry construction to fill the gaps between the bricks and blocks. Mortar is a mixture of sand, a binder such as cement or lime, and water and is applied as a paste which then sets hard.
Grout- is used as a filler for the joints between tiles once the tile you are installing has been set. Most grouts are a powdered mix of cement, lime, color pigment and sometimes sand that hardens when mixed with water and left to cure.
25) Which term refers to inert materials when bound together into a conglomerated mass from concrete?
a. Aggregates
c. Cement
Answer: a. Aggregates
Aggregates- four primary aggregates are sand, gravel, crushed stone, and recycled concrete or fill. These different materials work to hold the ingredients together to harden into various landscaping projects such as sidewalks, driveways, roads, and parking lots. Let's examine each aggregate in detail and its uses.
Gravel- it is used to make concrete, to create foundations for new roads, to mix with asphalt, fill construction sites, and even create other construction materials like blocks, pipes, and bricks. In some cases, gravel is piled into blast furnaces and used as a flux.
Cement- is a finely milled mineral powder, usually grey in colour. The most important raw materials for the production of cement are limestone, clay, and marl. Mixed with water, cement serves as an adhesive to bind sand, gravel, and hard rock in concrete.
Water- a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states.
26) A lumber that has been sawed, edged, and trimmed in which cutting marks are visible is ________.
a. rough
c. dressed
Answer: a. rough
27) Which lumber has been put through planing machine which gives fine surface?
a. rough
c. dressed
Answer: c. dressed
28) Which lumber that has been dresses and matched, ship lapped, or patterned?
c. dressed
d. worked
Answer: c. dressed
29) Which is a plank of wood that has been roughly cut?
c. Lumber
d. Block
Answer: d. Block
30) Which lumber has been cut from logs radially to the growth rings and the fiber runs about parallel to the face?
c. Flat-grain
d. Close-grain
Answer: c. Flat-grain
Edge-grain- Edge grain (or vertical grain) is produced by quarter-sawing the lumber so that the edges of the growth rings are exposed on the widest faces of the piece, and the rings form angles of 45 to 90 degrees with the widest faces.
Angle-grain- Lumber sawed with the annual rings, forming an angle of 45” or more with the wide faces is often described as edge-grain, vertical grain or rift-sawn in softwoods. In hardwoods, this angel of sawing is often referred to as quarter-sawn or comb-grained.
Flat-grain- a grain in lumber parallel or nearly parallel with the face of the piece (as of veneering stock) that is produced by sawing nearly at right angles to the annual rings.
Close-grain - close-grained wood refers to the size of the pores; woods with large visible pores are 'open-grain', and those with pores too small to see clearly are 'closed-grain'. When the wood's sawn, large pores can split and this will decide whether timber needs a filler to achieve a smoother finish.
Comments, Suggestions, Corrections, and Clarifications are highly appreciated. Kindly put those in the comments section. Fighting!
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